What is the basic unit of application deployment? Two related trends have changed the answer to this question: DevOps Containers For many years, the tasks between engineer and operator were cleanly, if painfully, split: Engineer builds and delivers a package of files to deploy and run Operator deploys and runs those files in a production operating environment In the early years, the package of files consisted of a directory with a ream of paper and instructions.

What are the three biggest impediments, or roadblocks, to fast product cycles, especially in the cloud? Incomplete Testing. If you are not 100% confident that your testing covers every known use case, you will be fearful of releasing. Actually, fear of the risk of deployment often is the "canary in the coal mine" sign that your testing is incomplete. The other sign is infrequent releases, defined in the Internet era as less frequently than every few days.